Historical note about Afghanistan:

For more than three decades, Afghanistan has been burning in the fire of an imposed war, the main factor of which is the interference of neighboring countries and the great superpowers of the world. The people of this Islamic country have been the main victims of this war. The result of this war has been nothing but bloodshed, destruction and destruction of the material and spiritual values of Afghanistan. The people of Afghanistan, who each remember several stories of human rights violations, testify to history that human rights violations and war crimes have been committed at every moment and every step of their country.
The process of violation of human rights and crimes against humanity in Afghanistan goes back to before 1352. Before this year, that is, after the reign of Ahmad Shah Durrani and before that, human rights violations and crimes against humanity were used, such as the implementation of a part of an old and established law in the society. The law that was created by the hands of the leaders, elders of the tribe, tribe and mullahs. This law, which is a major obstacle to the implementation of the effective laws of the country, the provision of civil liberties and ideal wishes of the people, is still enforceable in the country. Every mullah, every leader of his people considers himself an independent king and implements his own laws. During the past hundreds of years, the freedom and independence of these rulers has never been compromised or questioned. The mirs of Turkestan, the Hazaras, and the Khans of Gholzai have always been either in front of the law or they have misused the law and consider themselves stronger than the members of the government and the people. They do not recognize freedom of speech and civil liberties. Most of them have a dark and conservative idea and this situation has caused the weak people of the areas under their control to not have the least right to freedom. Those who live under the rule of these rulers unknowingly follow the laws, which are in complete contradiction with the religion of Islam in most parts. Parents, with the intention of compassion, but unknowingly commit acts against their children, which is basically an unforgivable crime, and they violate their human and Islamic rights by realizing tribal culture. Girls, women and even boys are deprived of the minimum freedom, right and rights, such as being chosen and choosing, which God (J) has deemed worthy of them.
Most of them, without understanding and recognizing the purpose of creation, they have become so captive of the time of arrows and hardships that all their thoughts and remembrances are finding a piece of bread. In such a situation, the sweet taste of freedom has been replaced by the darkness of the captivity of bread and name, and even now, such unpleasant and anti-human narratives of the future are heard through the mass media. The elders of the tribe, tribe, and mullahs oppose any kind of social program, development that is contrary to their vision or is considered a danger to the future of their sovereignty, and they consider it anti-religious. The legal problems of the villagers are solved by small ethnic jirgas, whose members are mostly uneducated and unprofessional people, in the traditional tribal way, which has become the cause of hundreds of rights violations and human rights violations in the country.

But the beginning of the boiling point:

On the 26th of January 1352, when Mohammad Zahir, the Shah of Afghanistan, was visiting Italy, the Shahi regime was overthrown by his cousin Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan in a military coup. Daud Khan established the first republican system in Afghanistan and elected himself the president of Afghanistan.
One of the reasons for the overthrow of the Shahi regime can be found in the Soviet efforts to consolidate its population in Afghanistan and the region. Moscow, through two Soviet intelligence organizations, namely (KGB (or military intelligence department) and GRU) (or the state security organization of that country) made it possible for a number of officers who played a key role in the success of the coup, to side with Dawood Khan. These officers were trained in the Soviet Union and were members of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (Supreme Revolutionary Council of the Armed Forces). Dawood Khan was able to overthrow the Shah with their help. With the overthrow of the Shahi regime in the country, the members of Tehreek-e-Islami Afghanistan in Kabul decided to stage a coup. This coup, which was planned with the help of the Iranian Intelligence Organization (SAVAK), the American Intelligence Organization (CIA) and the Pakistani Intelligence Organization (ISI), was revealed before its execution and the government decided to arrest the leaders of the coup plotters, Burhanuddin Rabbani, Abdul Rab Rasool Sayyaf, Maulawi Abdul Rahman... and some army officers were at their head, to arrest him. Sayyaf was arrested from Kabul airport, but Rabbani and Maulvi Abdul Rahman managed to escape to Pakistan. At that time, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the prime minister of Pakistan. His government had a golden opportunity to take revenge on Afghanistan, which had become a Cold War battlefield, and to take revenge on his old enemy, Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan, in Kabul. Bhutto did not have a good relationship with Dawood Khan's regime during his presidency. With the arrival of members of Islamic groups to Pakistan, the government of Iran and the government of Pakistan launched a joint operation supported by the United States of America against Dawood Khan's regime and the growing influence of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, as a result of which the rebel groups were able to take control of Badakhshan, Panjshir, and Laghman. start military operations against the regime of Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan.
Dawood Khan's government or the first republican regime was also destroyed in 1357 in a military coup launched by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. President Daud Khan along with his brother Mohammad Naeem Khan and 17 members of his family were killed in the presidential palace. The People's Democratic Party, which was a supporter of the former Soviet Union, took power and the members of this party appointed Noor Mohammad Taraki "Khalki" the general secretary of the party to the presidency on the 10th of Thor 1357. And the crime against humanity started in the country.
With the overthrow of the Afghan royal system, the conditions for the interventions of foreign countries, especially Afghanistan's neighbors, became more favorable. Foreign interventions gave new life to the small and radical movements of the village, which were first organized in Kabul University and lacked a national organization and unified leadership. Small movements that later turned into jihadi organizations declared a fight against the government of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan and by receiving financial and military aid from the intelligence agencies of the United States of America, England, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, etc. They intensified the military. In return, the Soviet Union provided a flood of military and civilian aid to its supporters in Afghanistan to suppress the insurgents. The People's Democratic Party, by implementing its political agenda, which faced strong opposition from the masses of people in the villages of some cities, began to brutally suppress them.
A year had not passed since the revolution of the 7th of Thor 1357 of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, when the regime was faced with large-scale uprisings in the country, especially in the army. With each passing day, the influence of the government in villages and cities decreased and the control of the situation was lost. As a result of inter-party differences, the ruling party imprisoned or executed hundreds of members of the Parham faction and purged the government from their existence. Hafizullah Amin, the deputy head of the government, along with the rest of his people's allies, continued the plan to wipe out the regime's opponents with imprisonment and mass executions.
Thousands of former government employees, religious leaders, professors, intellectuals and political activists were imprisoned, tortured or executed. Every village or region that stood up against the regime was bombarded by the government's air force and a large number of innocent civilians were killed. The government has arrested thousands of other people on the suspicion of collaborating with the opposition in an attempt to kill them. Most of them were tortured in the prisons of the intelligence organization COM, especially the Polcharkhi prison in Kabul, and were later executed. The process of military attacks on residential areas, mass massacres of rebels, torture of detainees and their mass execution continued until the years of occupation of the country by the former Soviet Red Army.
After the suppression of the bloody uprising of the military sect of Herat Province on 24 Hut 1358, which led to the death of thousands of civilians. The Soviet Union decided to occupy Afghanistan militarily. The forces of this country occupied Afghanistan against all the international norms and in the first act killed the president Hafizullah Amin and replaced him with Babrak Karmel. The Soviet soldiers, members of the Afghan intelligence organization known as Aksad, and the armed forces of this country jointly subjected the residential areas to ground and air attacks in a natural routine, as a result of which millions of Afghan civilians were killed, injured or migrated abroad. With the coming to power of Dr. Najibullah and the withdrawal of the Soviet Union until the fall of the regime, the brutality of the regime was reduced and the bombing of residential areas and strongholds of the armed opposition, their capture and torture was reduced.
Before becoming president, Dr. Najibullah was a member of the party's political wing and the head of the State Security Department (Khad). Upon taking power, he abandoned revolutionary slogans and announced his readiness to negotiate and form a coalition government by declaring national reconciliation, ending war and securing peace, and two years after announcing the policy of national reconciliation, he signed the Geneva Agreement. It was signed by the conflicting parties and neighboring countries of Afghanistan, including the United States of America and the former Soviet Union. Based on this agreement, the withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan began in April 1988 and ended in February 1989. Thirteen thousand dead and thirty five thousand wounded, the destruction of 350 to 400 warplanes, 2,750 tanks and armored vehicles, and about 8,000,000 cars and more than 130 billion dollars were the direct losses of the Soviet army in the war in Afghanistan. Most of the Mujahideen claim that the liberation of the country from the Soviet occupation and the fall of Dr. Najibullah's government was the result of their jihad, but by referring to these agreements, the truth of the country's liberation can be found. In these documents, it is explained that the Soviet Union withdrew its forces from Afghanistan based on the 1367 (1988) Geneva treaties and Dr. Najibullah's comprehensive efforts to ensure peace in the country. These treaties include four documents signed by representatives from Afghanistan, Pakistan, the United States of America, and the former Soviet Union. Based on this, the freedom of the country can be attributed to the grace of the incomparable creator, the will of the president of Afghanistan at the time, and international obligations, not the fourteen-year war of Mujahideen. Fourteen years of war against the Soviet Union and their puppet government in Afghanistan has not achieved anything other than the loss of millions of innocent people and billions of dollars in economic losses.
Dr. Najib changed the People's Democratic Party to Watan Party with a more moderate program and constitution and formed a government with personalities not affiliated with the People's Democratic Party, so that the conditions for national reconciliation and the formation of a coalition government and finally a free election were favorable. to be A number of jihadist leaders, including Hekmatyar, Sayyaf and Rabbani, were against the national reconciliation policy, and a number of others, such as Sibghatullah Mujadadi, Pir Seyed Ahmad Gilani, and Maulvi Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi, declared their agreement with this plan. On March 18, 1992, Dr. Najibullah was ready to hand over power to a transitional government based on the plan of the United Nations. But a number of political people within the system and military people in the north of the country such as (General Dostum, Mahmoud Baryalay, brother of Babrak Carmel, Farid Ahmad Mazdak, General Fattah, Air Force Commander, Nabi Azimi, Asif Delawar, Hilaluddin Hilal, General Momin, Seyed Mansour Naderi etc.) who saw their position in danger with the peace plan of the United Nations, separated from Dr. Najib and the relationship between Dr. Najibullah and them became strained. Based on this, Dr. Najib appointed new commanders for the northern parts of the country, and this was an excuse for the anger of Dostum and his political allies to join the Mujahideen for their survival. The alliance of General Dostum and his political allies with the Mujahideen caused the fall of the northern provinces of the country and the first signs of the fall of the Kabul government appeared.
. The opponents of Dr. Najib and the opponents of the United Nations peace plan, which were mentioned above, launched a political coup against Dr. Najibullah and the Afghan peace process. In this way, the biggest chance of peace and ending the war in Afghanistan was lost and another crime was recorded in the country's history, a crime that was committed by Afghans who called themselves the righteous children of the country with the role and order of foreigners, and the new trend of internal women burning wars. It affected the people of Afghanistan, which was accompanied by thousands of cases of crimes against humanity.
During fourteen years of Jihad, Jihadi groups took money and weapons from the world's largest intelligence and espionage organizations under the pretext of occupying Afghanistan and expanded the war in Afghanistan. A number of Jihadi leaders who today are called Jihadi heroes and personalities received separate funds from the intelligence agencies of America, England, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan... to destroy public facilities such as schools, hospitals, bridges, They received culverts, roads, etc. and assassinated civilian people on the suspicion of collaborating with the government. Mojahedin targeted children, these innocent and innocent angels, by distributing toys equipped with bombs, and punished women and girls who were studying or were government employees with acts such as assassination, kidnapping, or acid throwing. Documents and evidence show that Mujahideen groups, by taking money from the intelligence organizations involved in the war in Afghanistan (especially Pakistan), residential areas, educational and training facilities, social centers (mosques, markets, movie theaters, bridal circles, recitation of Fatiha, etc.) .) and food convoys were also subjected to terrorist attacks and their expensive property was taken away and women, girls and boys were raped, as a result of which tens of thousands of civilians lost their lives and hundreds Another thousand would become homeless. With guerilla attacks, they temporarily occupied the country's highways, attacked travelers and passers-by, and looted their property. The power-seeking and self-help that was rooted in the beginning of the Jihad between the Mujahideen groups was the factor until every arrangement to expand the scope of their activities. carry out military operations against other jihadist groups. These differences continue during the Mujahideen rule and until now.
Fourteen years of Mujahideen jihad, which has been accompanied by the worst and most shameful cases of human rights violations and war crimes, did not end with the fall of Dr. Najib's government. Eight of Thor 1371 was the first day of Mujahideen's victory, and the power-seeking of Mujahideen leaders turned this victory into a new stage of the war of religion, position and language between jihadist organizations. The seven groups of the Mujahideen, especially Hizb-e-Islami led by Golbedin Hekmatyar and Jamit-e-Islami led by Burhanuddin Rabbani and its military branch, the Nizar Shura led by Ahmad Shah Massoud, the Ittehad (Da'wah) Islamic Party, the Vahdat Party, the Islamic Movement Party and the Islamic Revolution Movement Party, In the first hours of their arrival in the city of Kabul, the capital of the country, Islamic Younis Khalis looted the city, kidnapped a number of young girls for illegal acts and kidnapped rich people to get money. The killing of former government employees was part of a pre-planned plan.
With the victory of the Mujahideen, there was an expectation to end the war and ensure peace in the country, but this victory, contrary to all hopes and dreams, not only did not bring peace, but also made the dark times of the people even darker and became the cause of power-seeking, religious, partisan, and party wars. Finally, the emergence of a new face of terrorism and the occupation of more than 90% of the country.
The Mujahideen groups divided Kabul among themselves in order to gain more military, political and economic power in regulatory wars and fought together for more than four years to expand these divisions. In the Taliban power battles of these groups, in addition to hitting ten thousand rockets, bombs and mortars on residential houses, commercial places and government institutions, hundreds of thousands of innocent people lost their lives and property, and the country's economic infrastructure worth hundreds of millions of dollars was destroyed. The land was flattened. Nobody recognized anything called human rights, human and Islamic rights, countless and shameful crimes (massacre, extermination, enslavement, torture, rape, sexual slavery, deportation or forced migration of a population) , imprisoning or severely depriving physical freedom, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization (female sterilization), racial discrimination, torture, other inhuman acts, intentional killing, torture, inhumane treatment, providing Great suffering or severe injury to body or health, destruction and confiscation of property, forcing prisoners of war with other persons to serve in the enemy's armed forces, denying a fair trial, illegal imprisonment, hostage taking, attacks on civilians, attacks on employees and charities, killing or injuring a warrior who lays down his weapon, amputation, looting, use of poison or chemical weapons, use of prohibited weapons, personal dishonor (which the history of the country does not remember) by Mujahideen took place. The crimes, conspiracies and transgressions of this period caused deep tension and division between the Jihadi organizations, and even now, in some important military, political and social issues of the country, the conflicts and grudges of that time are manifested. During the occupation of Kabul by Jihadi organizations, the freedom of movement of the citizens of the capital was denied, and if someone went to an area where the ruling military was from a tribe, party and religion that did not match with the citizenship of this person, that person was imprisoned, his body parts He was armed and finally faced with three options (freedom by paying money, burning alive or execution). The regulatory wars were not specific to the city of Kabul, but also happened in other provinces of the country with the quality, quantity and consequences of the wars in Kabul.
The interventions of foreign countries, especially Iran and Pakistan, in the crimes of Afghanistan cannot be denied. But the initiative of Pakistan's Intelligence Organization (ISI) and Iran's Ministry of Intelligence during the regulatory wars of the Mujahideen government, shows that Afghanistan's neighboring countries encouraged Afghan jihadi leaders to intensify the war more than ever before. The eyes of Mullah Taj Mohammad "Mujahid", one of the jihadist commanders of the Islamic Union led by Master Sayyaf, show the role of Afghanistan's neighboring countries and how these countries led organized wars in Afghanistan through their hired rings. Taj Muhammad "Mujahid" says that during the regulatory wars, Nasirullah Babri, the head of Pakistan's intelligence organization, was present in Kabul and worked to brand the Ittihad-e-Islami Party under the leadership of Ustad Sayyaf against the Unity Party, and Mujahid says: "I saw Nasirullah Babar in the office I saw Professor Sayaf's work at the headquarters of the Islamic Ittehad party in Pagman. While examining the war plans of the Islamic Union, these two people also talked and exchanged opinions on the weak points and strengths and the areas under the control of the Islamic Unity Party, and in the same way, the Iranian ambassador also discussed the operational plans of the Islamic Unity Party. He worked under the leadership of Abdul Ali Mazari in the office of the leadership of the Unity Party and I saw the leader of this party next to Abdul Ali Mazari. And precisely they also worked on Nafsha, which showed the areas under the control of the Islamic Union. "
"After all these misfortunes and dark days, the question is why did the jihadi groups who started the war in the name of liberating the country from the clutches of the Russian aggressors, not lay down their arms and stop fighting when these forces left the country. Negotiations, commitments and promises, jihadist arrangements during the Jihad era and after that with the eastern and western aggressors and the several years of Kabul's adjustment wars, which part of its management was in the hands of elements from outside countries, especially our neighboring countries, proved that the leaders Jihadis do not think about the freedom and settlement of the country, nor do they think about the realization of the holy ideals of the religion of Islam in the country. They named this war Jihad due to their ominousness and the all-round support of the pure and pure Muslim nation of Afghanistan.
While the regulatory wars gradually covered the whole country. The anonymous and extremist group of the Taliban rose up in southern Afghanistan from the areas bordering Pakistan. According to some political experts, this terrorist group was created by the United States of America and the United Kingdom, was created with the money of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, and received military and terrorist training by the soldiers of the intelligence organization (ISI and the network). Al-Qaeda terrorists learned in Pakistan.
The emergence of the Taliban once again pushed the process of Afghanistan's political and military process to a turning point. The fate of Afghanistan and its grieving people is in the hands of an unidentified group that takes orders from the biggest enemies of Islam and the people of Afghanistan. The Al-Qaeda terrorist organization and Pakistan's intelligence organization were the second organizations that financed and equipped the Taliban to achieve their goals and did not hesitate to cooperate with them in order to take over Afghanistan completely. The Taliban chose the cultivation, production and trafficking of narcotics as a profitable way to finance their war expenses, and in this way, they obtained huge capital and in the shortest time, they became a great military and occupying power in Afghanistan and the region. They started their movement with the slogans of securing peace, general disarmament, rule of Islamic Sharia.
The Taliban, most of whose leaders are disabled during the Jihad era, won their first victory in the spring of 1994 by overthrowing the base of a raider commander in Sangin district. This group captured Kabul on the 4th of Mizan (September 26) and in the first act and in an anti-human act, Dr. Najibullah, the former president of Afghanistan, and his brother were removed from the office of the United Nations representative. After a severe beating, they were killed.
The Taliban established a dictatorial government in the areas under their occupation. Taliban authorities issued orders banning artistic, cultural, sports, etc. activities. In the southern and southeastern provinces under their occupation, such as Herat and Kandahar, they prohibited women and girls from working, studying and studying. Women were forced to wear a veil and men were required not to cut their beards.
The Taliban's attempt in Thor/Gemini 1367 (May 1997) to capture the northern provinces of the country failed. Thousands of domestic and foreign Taliban were killed, captured or illegally executed by the resistance forces, especially the National Movement and the Unity Party. In the end, on 17 Asad 1377, Mazar-e-Sharif was occupied by the Taliban. The reports of human rights monitoring organizations and international organizations indicate that the Taliban illegally executed at least two thousand Hazaras in the following weeks to avenge the killing of thousands of their soldiers. After the occupation of the city by the Taliban, Mullah Manan Niazi, the appointed governor of the Taliban in Mazar-e-Sharif, considered the Hazaras to be infidels and said that they massacred our people here, and now we must kill the Hazaras. The Taliban were a mysterious phenomenon that was very difficult to recognize because of the very secret issues that surround their political structure, leadership, and decision-making process. According to Pakistani journalist and author Abdul Rasheed, the Taliban is the fastest political movement in the world after the Khmer Rouge of Cambodia. The Islamic fundamentalism of this group is so extreme that it has rejected the Islamic message of peace and tolerance for coexistence with other groups. They proposed a new form of fundamentalism that is not reconciled with traditional Islamic values, social structures or existing government systems in the world, and their implementation of Islamic justice has made people hate the new Taliban religion.
The Taliban, who, according to themselves, apply Islamic laws, handed the murderer over to the relatives of the victim for punishment, and punished the robbers by amputating one hand, one leg, or both.
The military, political and social activities of the Taliban from the beginning of their presence until the overthrow of their emirate and until now have been accompanied by the suppression of spiritual values in the society. The Taliban are alien to human and Islamic language, behavior and deeds and they hate it and have always imposed themselves on the people through oppression and torture. This group did not spare any kind of aura of pressure to suppress the people and the people were also forced to live, dress, talk and work according to their wishes. In fact, the Taliban had taken millions of the country's residents hostage and made Afghanistan a prison for these hostages.
In the eight years of their presence in Afghanistan, the dreaded Taliban group massacred thousands of civilians in the areas under their control, especially the central and northern regions of the country. Most of these victims were Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and Hazaras, from whose areas resistance against the Taliban was taking place. In an anti-human act, the Taliban set fire to most of the areas (houses, gardens, shops, mosques, shelters) that they took out of the hands of the resistance forces, turned it into a scorched earth, and massacred its residents.
The Taliban, who had grown under the supervision and comprehensive cooperation of the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization since its establishment, provided parts of the country to the world's largest terrorist network (Al-Qaeda) for the construction of terrorist camps. Using the opportunity, Al-Qaeda was able to turn Afghanistan into a springboard for its terrorist activities around the world. From the early days of their military campaigns, the Taliban group has been able to use the military, financial and combat experience of the members of this network to advance their terrorist plans. During the occupation of Afghanistan by the Taliban, the Al-Qaeda organization was able to carry out numerous terrorist attacks for political and economic benefits. the economy of foreign countries, the deadliest of which was the September 11 terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers of World Trade and the United States Department of Defense (Pentacon), which resulted in more than three thousand five hundred people being killed and injured. After these attacks, the coalition forces led by the United States of America attacked Afghanistan, as a result of which the Taliban emirate and the Al-Qaeda organization were removed from Afghanistan, and from that time until now, these two groups secretly carried out their terrorist and commando operations against foreign forces. And their Afghan allies continue inside and outside Afghanistan.
Since 1357, a total of more than 30 types of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and human rights violations have been committed by governments, parties, organizations, and political and military groups in Afghan prisons and society. Most of its victims and victims are civilians, whose number reaches millions. Some of these victims, due to the failure of the governments to address their legal and judicial problems, took revenge on the people who were oppressed by them in the past.
With the overthrow of the Taliban regime and the establishment of a new system in the country, the people expected the Afghan government to have national and international human rights defenders, so that they destroyed a stable, dignified society, free from human trafficking. The dangerous elements of the new system and preventing the repetition of the crimes of the past years have reached the account of the human rights violators and war criminals and by exposing their names and crimes, bring them to the court table and punish them for their actions. On the one hand, the families, individuals and institutions that have been subjected to crime, oppression and oppression will get their rights and justice, which is the lifeblood of a society and a political system, will be provided, and on the other hand, it will be a lesson to individuals, parties and become jihadi organizations that are ready to commit any type of crime in order to reach their destination, as in the past. The government of Afghanistan, understanding the ideal desire of the people, pledged to the people and the international community to implement the action plan of the process, peace, reconciliation and justice for Afghanistan, that it will provide justice in the country. However, more than six years have passed since the start of this program, contrary to all the hopes, expectations and commitments of the government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to implement this program, the culture of exemption continues as a serious concern of the people and civil society institutions in the country. Human rights violators and war criminals were appointed to important government positions by President Hamid Karzai with complete immunity and with the full support of the Afghan government, and a number of them are also present in the past and present parliaments of Afghanistan and using this immunity People's institutions commit various types of legal and humanitarian violations.
The Afghan government presented the Peace, Reconciliation and Justice (Transitional Justice) program at the Afghanistan Peace Conference held on June 6-7, 2005 in The Hague, Holland, and was approved by the participants. This program, which was prepared in cooperation with the Independent Human Rights Commission, the Human Rights Division of the United Nations, has six key sections, based on which the Afghan government is committed to refer to the Afghan constitutional bodies, such as the country's parliament, in case Requesting to establish institutions and take necessary measures to respond based on accepted international and national standards regarding war crimes, crimes against humanity and clear violations of human rights. Committing such crimes based on the standards of the holy religion of Islam and internationally accepted standards does not include the category of amnesty.
During the last 31 years, hundreds of government forces, Mujahideen and Taliban have committed various types of war crimes, crimes against humanity and human rights violations. But so far, no one has been officially accused of such acts by the Afghan government. But the organization known as Human Rights Monitoring Organization, which is headquartered in the United States of America, is the only organization that published a report entitled "Bloody Hands: Past Tragedies in Kabul and the Legacy of Afghanistan's Injustice." accused of violating human rights and war crimes.
Marshal Mohammad Qaisum Fahim, the successor of Ahmad Shah Massoud and the first vice president, Mohammad Karim Khalili, the leader of the Vahdat Party and the second vice president, Gulbadin Hekmatyar, the fugitive leader of the Islamic Party, and Abdul Rab Rasool Sayyaf, the leader of the Islamic Party of Afghanistan and the representative of the people of Kabul in the Wolesi Jirga. , four jihadi leaders and General Abdul Rashid Dostum, the leader of the National Movement and Head of the Afghan Armed Forces, one of the communist military generals, are five people accused of war crimes by this international organization. The action plan of the process of peace, reconciliation and justice for Afghanistan (transitional justice) and the report of the human rights monitoring organization faced a negative reaction from a number of Mujahideen and people accused of war crimes and human rights violations. And the warlords, in a preventive measure, approved the six-point National Reconciliation Resolution so that the conflicting parties of the past years could reconcile and be exempted from prosecution as a group.
While the approval of this resolution was widely condemned by human rights defenders at home and abroad, President Karzai also approved it.
The concept of "transitional justice" has been raised in recent years in relation to the developments of countries that have been subjected to war and crisis. "Transitional justice" refers to dealing with injustices and obvious violations of accepted national and international standards committed by the parties involved in a war.
About seventy percent of the participants in the National Consultation of the Independent Human Rights Commission of Afghanistan, which was published under the name of People's Voice for Justice, said that they personally suffered from the crimes that were inflicted on them during the wars and demanded The perpetrators are dealt with seriously.

Report on human rights violations in Afghanistan
Introduction

Recently, the world witnessed a pleasant and historic turning point in the form of Afghanistan's first general presidential election. Millions of Afghan voters, both men and women, showed their commitment to democracy and their full desire to get rid of more than 23 years of war and serious violations of human rights. This admirable turnout in the elections goes beyond showing a clear passion for democracy, especially given the threats of violence. What is equally important is that this level of participation in the elections is a clear representation of the fact that how much Afghans want the rule of law to prevail over the rule of the gun and the end of the culture of impunity.
However, the reality is that the lives of many Afghans are still insecure and there are many reports of human rights violations. A few years after the departure of the Taliban, Afghanistan can be proud of many achievements. But the chain of human rights violations remains unbroken and some of those who were responsible for the most heinous human rights violations are still at large.
Future conflicts can be prevented only if the factors of the conflict are reached and resolved intelligently and legally. As the Secretary General of the United Nations pointed out in his report on the rule of law and transitional justice, "justice", peace and security are not contradictory goals, but on the contrary, they strengthen each other. Afghans themselves have acknowledged this fact and wanted to end the culture of impunity. The international community has clearly heard this demand of the people of Afghanistan, as the previous special report of the United Nations Human Rights Commission, Asma Jahangir, after her mission to Afghanistan in October 2002, recommended that as the first step towards realizing the principle of accountability, a "commission" "Investigation" and direct support of the Independent Human Rights Commission, with the approval of the United Nations Deputy Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the direct support of the Independent Human Rights Commission of Afghanistan, began to compile a comprehensive report on human rights violations between April 27, 1978. Taurus Revolution (until December 22, 2001) signed the Bonn Agreement.
This report is the result of this activity and is considered the most complete report published to date on the human rights situation during this very dark period in the history of Afghanistan. It is necessary to clarify a few points from the beginning. First of all, the mentioned activity, which resulted in this report, has been done through collecting documents related to research and searches that have already been done about Afghanistan. Therefore, in the cases where the search and research of Afghanistan has been far from the ideal state over the past thirty years, it is inevitable that there are some cases that are seen in this report. In the report, an attempt has been made to identify some of these gaps. In this way, this report is an important and necessary first step for a more comprehensive documentation activity that requires new research among people.
The second point is that the report presented by the Independent Human Rights Commission of Afghanistan, which was prepared based on the results of a national consultation conducted with thousands of Afghans living in the country and immigrants living in Pakistan and Iran, contributes to a broader strategy on transitional justice. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights hopes that through this report, it will lead to the beginning of a dialogue about the past cases of human rights violations and pave the way for the creation of an accountability mechanism by the Afghan government and the implementation of institutional reforms that are badly needed. And like many other countries, in Afghanistan, transitional justice should help people accept the past and plant the seeds of a better future, and this should be done not only through accountability for crimes, but also through assistance in institutional and legal reforms. take place, which creates the ground that the tragedies of the past will never be repeated. The third and important point is that this report is a report for the people of Afghanistan and it is a document of the extent of human rights violations that Afghans have suffered for decades. In addition, it is a necessary tool in the fight against the culture of impunity, an issue that Afghans themselves have demanded. Also, this report is a document that acknowledges the sufferings of the Afghan nation in the past years and shows our commitment in helping them to get out of their sad past.
It is the right of Afghanistan and its people to take the leadership role in completing and implementing their strategy on transitional justice. But at the same time, they should have the support of the international community. In this important journey towards a truly lasting peace, the Office of the Human Rights Commissioner will stand by the government, the Independent Human Rights Commission and the people of Afghanistan. The people of Afghanistan have shown their determination to achieve the goal. We should not name them.