The period of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, 1375-1380 (2001-1996)
Violations of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law

The period of the Islamic Emirate of
Afghanistan, 1375-1380 (2001-1996)

1- The structure of the Taliban government was based on their interpretation of Islamic rules regarding statehood. Mullah Mohammad Omar was at the head of this government. Mullah Omar renamed the Islamic State of Afghanistan to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 1376 (October 1997). The Taliban had well-organized military and civilian structures. Motadayin and Mullah Omar held the supreme leadership in Kandahar and were actively involved in operations and decisions.
2- The Taliban had the financial and political support of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia since its formation. In the past, no organization has enjoyed the wide and comprehensive support of a foreign country like Pakistan as the Taliban. Pakistan provided financial aid, arms and logistical, operational and intelligence support to the Taliban, and Pakistani military and intelligence agents were active in directing major operations in Afghanistan. A) Political developments 1373-1380 (1994-2001)
3- In 1373 (1994), Kandahar province was widely insecure. The council of commanders, who controlled the province after the fall of Najibullah's government, had disintegrated. The hostage-taking of civilians to seize property and rape was widespread. The merchants who were transporting their goods from Pakistan to Iran were caught by the commanders who had divided the road between Quetta and Kandahar with their forces.
4- In 1373 (end of 1994), a group of Mujahideen from the Pashtun tribes living in the south of the country gathered around Mullah Omar, a commander of Hizb-e-Islami (Khals). Nucleation consisted of mostly Pashtun students and teachers from schools in Pashtunistan and Baluchistan regions, who called themselves Taliban. A number of members of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan were also part of this category.
5- In 1373, in the first action, the Taliban destroyed the base of a looter commander in Sangin district, birthplace of Mullah Omar, who kidnapped and raped the girls of Meizd. He executed the commander and seized his weapons and freed some hostage girls from prison and went to other commanders. The Taliban emerged and attracted the attention of Pakistan, which was disappointed with Hekmatyar's attempt to capture Kabul.
6- The Taliban in Mizan (October) after capturing the district of Spin Boldak in Kandahar province found a large cache of weapons. A few days later, the Taliban movement expanded by recruiting new people, and they took control of Kandahar by removing the hostile commanders. In Kandahar, the Taliban acquired an arsenal of MIG jet fighters, helicopters and tanks. In Kandahar, schools were closed and women's work was prohibited.
7- After the occupation of Kandahar, the Taliban took over the control of these two provinces by fighting small battles and paying bribes to the commanders of Zabul and Uruzgan provinces for not resisting, and in the month of Jedi 1373 (January 1995) Helmand province and in the month of Aquarius, Ghazni province. The Taliban fell. On December 25 (February 14), Hekmatyar left his base in Chahar Esiab and left behind a warehouse of Oregon mm220 rockets, ammunition and a helicopter for the Taliban. An increasing number of Afghan and Pakistani students from Pakistani schools joined the ranks of the Taliban. The first movement of the Taliban towards Kabul by Masoud in the month of Hut 1373 and Hamel 1374 (March 1995) was defeated.
8- The Taliban faced strong resistance from Amir Ismail Khan to capture the provinces of Herat, Nimroz and Farah. But in the month of Hamal, they captured Nimroz. The Taliban suffered defeats in Helmand province in the month of Asad/Sambalah (August) and lost some areas in this province. Ismail Khan left Shindan district on the 12th of Asad and fled from Herat to Iran on the 14th of Sanblah.
9- Pakistan, which had found the Taliban as a suitable substitute for Hekmatyar, to secure the country's interests in Afghanistan. He did not spare any support for the victory of this group. Comprehensive assistance from Pakistan accelerated the progress of this group. In addition, the Taliban gained financial support from Afghan businessmen living in Quetta, Pakistan. The Taliban captured Herat on the 14th of Sanblah (September 5) following the escape of Ismail Khan to Iran. Like in Kandahar, they banned women from studying and working outside the home (except for health department employees). In response to these strictures, relief organizations stopped their activities in Herat and Kandahar provinces.
10- After the consecutive failure of the Taliban in capturing Kabul during 1374 (late 1995) and 1375 (early 1996), they attacked Kabul city and continued their advance towards Paktia and Paktika provinces and occupied these two provinces. They took off On 20 Sanbla 1375 (September 11), Jalalabad city and on 4 Mizan (September 26) Kabul fell into the hands of the Taliban.
11- After the occupation of Kabul by the Taliban, the two commanders of this group expelled the former president Dr. Najib and his brother from the United Nations office, and after severely beating them, executed them. The Taliban established a centralized government in the provinces under their occupation. The authorities issued decrees banning music, television, cinema, chess, etc. Like Herat and Kandahar, women were banned from working and girls from education. Women were forced to wear a chador and men were required not to cut their beards and to wear a headscarf or a hat.
12- After the capture of Kabul by the Taliban, their attempt to enter Panjshir and pass through the Salang tunnel failed, and the forces of the Northern Front (Nazar and Jabansh Council) pushed the Taliban back to Bagram airfield. 13 - In Thor/Gemini 1376 (May 1997), the Taliban failed in their first attempts to capture the northern provinces of the country with the help of Abdul Malik Pahlwan and faced the worst defeat. Thousands of domestic and foreign Taliban were killed, captured or illegally executed.
13- In Thor/Gemini 1376 (May 1997), the Taliban faced the worst failure in their first attempts to capture the northern provinces of the country with the help of Abdul Malik Pahlwan. Thousands of domestic and foreign Taliban were killed, captured or illegally executed.
14 - The second attempt of the Taliban to capture Mazar-e-Sharif, which was accompanied by offensive attacks, also failed. But this time they created bases in the Pashtun-inhabited areas of Baghlan and Kunduz provinces. In their attacks to capture the northern provinces, the Taliban had the full support of Pakistan's intelligence organization and the Islamist parties of that country. Saudi Arabia also provided significant aid to the Taliban in the form of pickup trucks and cash.
15- After 1377 (1998), the influence of foreigners on Mullah Omar increased. Osama Bin Laden returned to Afghanistan from Sudan in 1375 (1996) and in 1376 (1997) he went to Kandahar and met Mullah Omar. The rapprochement of Mullah Omar and bin Laden made Pakistan happy. Because Pakistan needed the camps of Bin Laden's fighters to train the militants of the Kashmir war under India.
16 - In Jeddi - Aquarius 1377 (January 1999) the United States and on 23 Mizan 1378 (October 15, 1999) the United Nations Security Council in support of the demand from the Taliban to end the exploitation of Afghanistan as a base of international terrorism and to hand over Osama Bin Laden imposed sanctions on the Taliban by issuing Resolution 1267. With the approval of the second resolution of 1333, these sanctions were intensified. which included arms embargoes, prohibition of public flights and international flights of Ariana, travel ban of senior Taliban officials and blocking of funds and political missions of the Taliban. But from 1377 to 1380 (1998-2001), trucks full of ammunition and weapons were brought from Pakistan to the Afghan border.
17- The Taliban captured the city of Maimana in Cancer - Asad 1377 and entered Mazar-e-Sharif on 17 Asad (August 8). Reports of human rights organizations and institutions International reports say that the Taliban illegally executed at least two thousand Hazaras in the following weeks to avenge the killing of thousands of their fighters last year.
18- On 15 Asad 1378, the Taliban launched a large-scale ground and air attack in Parwan province, thanks to receiving arms and logistical assistance from Pakistan. In this attack, thousands of civilians lost their homes, and the Taliban set their fields and vineyards on fire and cut fruit trees.
19 - In Sanblah - Mizan and Aqrab (early October) by taking control of areas in the center and districts of Takhar and Kunduz provinces, the war intensified in these areas and Badakhshan was the only province under the control of the resistance front. In the same year, the Taliban illegally executed at least 34 Uzbeks in Takhar province. The level of displaced people increases with the advance of the Taliban.
20 - Meanwhile, the clashes continued in Bamyan. On 8 Jadi 1379 (December 29, 2000), Yakawalang district of Bamyan province was attacked several times and the Taliban executed 176 Hazara men and set fire to 4 thousand houses, shops and public places in an act of revenge.
21 - On the 20th of Hut (March 11), the Taliban forces stationed in Bamyan destroyed two big Buddha statues.

Violations of human rights and violations of
international humanitarian laws

Discriminatory behavior and violence against women

22- The Taliban forbade women from work and education and said that women should go out of the house with full body and face covering and with Muharram. And they ordered men not to shave their beards and pray five times in congregation in the mosque. The religious police of the Taliban (known as Amrbal Maruf and Ni Azmankar) applied these restrictions in a brutal, inhumane, humiliating way, even by beating men and women on the road. The Taliban stoned people accused of adultery and cut off the hands of people accused of theft. The Taliban kidnapped girls and used threats of violence to force families into "forced" marriages with Taliban soldiers. The sexual assault of women by the Taliban in Kabul and other parts of the country has been documented by the Afghanistan Justice Project. and Ni (Azmankar) applied these restrictions in a brutal, inhumane, humiliating way, even by beating women and men in the streets. The Taliban stoned people accused of adultery and cut off the hands of people accused of theft. The Taliban kidnapped girls and threatened them with violence to force the families to work for "forced" marriages with the Taliban fighters. The sexual assault of women by the Taliban in Kabul and other parts of the country has been documented by the Afghanistan Justice Project.

Executions without trial

23 - In the areas where the Taliban were facing resistance. Especially in the northern provinces of the country, in an act of revenge, civilian prisoners were illegally executed and massacred. The United Nations Special Rapporteur reports on retaliatory executions, massacres and collective punishment of the residents of the north and northeast of the country committed by the Taliban forces. This report, which was reviewed by the United Nations Special Representative for Afghanistan Affairs, includes the following items. Mass executions at Mazar-e-Sharif airport (Qazalabad), in Mizan 1376 (September 1997), Qaisar, in Sagittarius 1376 (December 1998), Mazar-e-Sharif in Asad / Cusp 1377 (August 1998), Dareh Kian in Asad / Sanblah 1377 (August 1998), Bamyan in Thor/Gemini 1378 (May 1999), Northern Plain in Asad/Sanblah 1378 (August 1999), Khaja Ghar in Takhar province in Sanblah/Mizan 1378 (September 1999), sheep in Sarpol province in Jedi/Aquarius 1378 (January 2000), Robatek in Samangan Province in Taurus/Gemini 1379 (May 2000), Talqan, the capital of Takhar Province in Sanblah/Mizan 1379 (September 2000), Khaja Ghar in Takhar Province in Jedi/Aquarius 1379 (January 2001). and Bamyan in Aquarius/Pisces 1379 (February 2001)
24 - Some murders occurred early in their military struggle. From Cancer to Sanblah 1375 (July-August 1996), the Taliban illegally executed thirty to fifty people in Herat and Ghor provinces.
25- After the Taliban failed to capture Mazar-e-Sharif in Thor/Gemini 1376 (May 1997), they massacred eighty-three civilians in and around Ghazalabad-Mazar. The massacre of 240 other civilians in the Kunduz airport by the Taliban has been discussed in the previous chapter. (July-August 1996), the Taliban illegally executed thirty to fifty people in Herat and Ghor provinces.

Massacre in Mazar-e-Sharif

26 - According to reports, in one of the biggest massacres during the 7-day war in the month of Asad 1377 (August 5-15, 1998), the Taliban forces brutally executed at least two thousand civilians in Mazar-e-Sharif. The Pashtuns of Balkh affiliated to Hizb-e-Islami changed parties in order to facilitate the entry of the Taliban into the city. Hizb-e-Islami forces besieged 3,000 Hizb-e-Wahdat forces in Qala Zini and Tahtah Pul, in the northeast of Mazar-i-Sharif. Some of these people were killed on the spot, but 700 of them who managed to escape on the road to Mazar were killed in shock.
27 - According to eyewitnesses, the Taliban entered the west of Mazar-e-Sharif around 9:30 am on 17 Asad (8 August). The crowd attacked their offices and looted their belongings. The Taliban captured the key points of the city with the help of the Pashtuns of Balkh province. A unit of them, which included Pakistanis from Sipah Sahaba, attacked the Iranian consulate in this city and killed eight diplomats, an intelligence agent and a reporter. The commanders and leaders of the Vahdat party, including Mohaghegh, escaped from the city by helicopter. When the Taliban forces entered the city and Hizb Vahdat forces when they left the city, they shot dead every living being that moved. In the first few hours of the occupation, several hundred civilians and a number of soldiers were killed. A resident of Mazar-e-Sharif describes what he saw from this day like this: "From the roof, I could see smoke rising from the western part of the city. I came out of the shop, I saw people running away, it was chaos. The sound of gunfire could be heard from all sides. The shops in the bazaar were destroyed. I went home with great difficulty, the sound of gunfire could be heard from Kalkin. I saw white flags mounted on cars. On the first day, a number of Kabul immigrants living in this They were also killed in Shahr. One of the residents of Mazar-e-Sharif expresses his vision of that day like this. "From the roof, I could see smoke rising from the western part of the city. I came out of the shop, I saw people running away, it was chaos. The sound of fire could be heard from all sides. The shops in the market were gone. I went home with great difficulty, the sound of fire could be heard from Calkin. I saw white flags mounted on cars. On the first day, a number of Kabul immigrants living in this city were also killed. "
28 - In the following days, as a result of a systematic search, hundreds of Hazara, Uzbek and Tajik men were arrested by the Taliban in the city and countless others were beheaded on the spot. Most of the human casualties were against the Hazaras and their religious identity was the main reason for revenge against them.
29- After the occupation of the city by the Taliban, Mullah Manan Niazi, an appointed governor of the Taliban in Mazar-e-Sharif, threatened the Hazaras with violence in retaliation for the killing of Taliban prisoners in 1376 (1997) and warned the Hazaras through mosques to convert to the Hanafi religion or leave the city. otherwise they will be punished. Niazi said that the Hazaras are not Muslims but infidels. They massacred our people here and now we have to kill millennials. The words of a senior Taliban official in Mazar-e-Sharif show that massacres and other attacks on the people of this province were committed under the orders of Taliban officials.
30 - Thousands of men from different ethnic groups were detained in Mazar-e-Sharif and later transferred to the cities of Kandahar, Herat and Shaberghan. Many of the captives were transported in lorries carrying large containers in which 100 to 150 people were loaded in inhumane and dangerous conditions. In two cases, when the lorries arrived from Mazar-e-Sharif to Shaberghan, all the people inside the containers had died due to extreme heat and suffocation. Like the case of Taliban prisoners in 1376 (1997) and according to Mullah Abdul Manan, there is no need to retaliate for the killings against our forces - overcrowding does not indicate sheer negligence, but rather shows the intention of the Taliban to torture and kill the detainees

Bamiyan

31- The Taliban took control of Bamyan city on 22nd of Sanblah 1377 (13th of December 1998), but their control over this province was incomplete. The alliance that took place between Mohammad Akbari, the leader of one of the branches of Hizb-e-Wahdat, and the Taliban in this province, led to the transfer of power with few civilian casualties. However, in the second phase of the occupation of Bamyan by the Taliban, the people of Abdul Wahid Ghorbandi, one of the commanders of this group, together with the Ahmadzai Kochis and the people of Haji Naeem, the governor of the Taliban in Bamyan province, jointly executed civilians, including women and children. They looted people's property. Naeem Khan was in charge of the Ministry of Borders and Tribes in the Islamic State. Illegal executions were one of the characteristics of the occupation of Bamyan province by the Taliban, which were committed when the resistance resumed.

Massacre in Sarpol 1378-1379 (2000-1999)

32- After the occupation of the northwestern parts of the country by the Taliban, they were prevented from advancing towards Balkhab district located in the south of Sarpul province, where mainly Shiites live. The Taliban repeatedly tried to destroy this base, but the resistance of the Shiites was very strong. During the "anti-insurgency operation" in Gosfandi district in 2000 (2000), Taliban forces committed a series of civilian massacres. The massacres took place within two months as part of a systematic and organized effort to impose collective punishment against civilians.
33 - In the five massacres summarized below. It shows the orders and the presence of senior Taliban commanders in these killings, which were carried out by firing bullets. The senior commanders of the Taliban, whose orders and presence in these murders are evident, are: Mullah Abdul Manan Hanafi, the commander of the front, Aminullah Amin, his deputy, Mullah Abdul Sattar Lang, a high-ranking commander, and Mullah Wali Khan, the provincial governor and a field commander of this group.

The massacre of the elders of Khesar Velayat....23 December 1378 (February 12, 2000)

34- After the retreat of the resistance forces from Gosfandi, a number of Khasar tribe elders who had gone to the Taliban for security were killed. Abdulmanan Hanafi, the commander of the front, while sitting in his car and eating fruit, ordered his deputy, Aminullah Amin, to get rid of these people. Massacre of Abkhor-Abshor, Sarpol Province, 13 July 1378 (February 2, 2000)
35 - On 13 December 1378 (February 2, 2000), the Taliban summoned the people of Abkhor village to the Agha Shahneshah Mosque to disarm. This was while the armed men of the Resistance Front had already left the area. The Taliban arrested ten people from among the people present at the mosque and massacred Abshor in the presence of Mullah Abdul Sattar and Mullah Malang in the Chepe Gard area.

Massacre in Yaltarb, Sarpol province, 21 December 1378 (February 10, 2000)

36- Before the occupation of Yaltarb by the Taliban, some residents of the village had fled. The elders of the village prepared food for the Taliban. After the meal, the Taliban searched people's houses and took 90 people from the village with them. The rest were released. But they massacred 26 people in Tatar village by firing BK bullets for the crime of cooperating with the opposition.

Massacre of Sayad, Sarpol province, 6th of August 1379 (March 26, 2000)

37- The residents of Sayad stated that on 6 May 1379, during the Taliban's cleanup operation in Gosfandi, the Taliban arrested and executed 22 men and women from four areas of Sayad (Jarshorab, Djerbator, Sayad village, and Bashom Ankashim).

Massacre of Jar Rajab, Sarpul Province, 9-8 August 1379 (March 28-29, 2000)

38 - On the 8th of Hamal (March 28), Taliban forces raided Ab Khor village in Sarpul province and arrested 26 young men. He took them to Khasar village and massacred them with BK bullets and Kalashnikovs.

Kalashnikov massacred.

39- In addition to the aforementioned massacres, the Taliban forces executed sixteen residents of Ismail and Shah Mard villages when they went to the Taliban military base to obtain a security guarantee and introduced themselves as Hazaras.

Robotech massacre

40- The Taliban resorted to arbitrary detention as a method of social control. In the provinces where the Taliban forces faced resistance. The men of the village were arrested or massacred. In Joza 1379 (May 2000), the men of Mullah Shahzad, a senior Taliban commander from Khanjan district of Baghlan province, arrested more than one hundred civilian men from the villages of this district. After some time, The bodies of 31 of those detained were recovered from the Robatek area of the road connected to the Tashqarghan and Pul Khomri highways. Their remains were found in Hazare Mazari (Robatak) area and the bodies of 26 other missing persons were identified in the center of Baghlan province. At the time of these murders, the control of the region was in the hands of the senior commander of the Taliban, Mullah Shahzad Kandahari. Shahzadeh committed this murder on the order of Mullah Abdul Razzaq Nafis, the commander of the 5th Army Corps based in Mazar-e-Sharif, to prevent people from communicating with the Taliban opponents.

Yekavalang Jedi Massacre / Aquarius 1379 (January 2001)

41 - After the occupation of the Taliban in Sanblah and Mizan 1377, Yakavalang district was frequently the subject of conflict between the Vahdat Khalili party, the Mohseni movement party, and the Taliban forces. The Taliban attacked this district several times with the intention of occupying Yakavalang. Molashehzad led this operation. In a fierce battle, the Taliban were able to wrest Yakavalang from the forces of the Northern Alliance and in a revenge attack, they arrested one hundred and fifty civilian men from the villages of this district. Witnesses say that the Taliban took these people to their slaughterhouse at the Oxfam office in the center of Yekavalnak district. The fate of these people was known for the crime of collaborating with the North and Hazare alliance. During the following days, about a hundred of those detained were executed on the spot, and about fifty others were shot in the Mohammad Mohsen Khan fortress. There are also reports that in two separate cases, a delegation of Hazara Muslims who tried to negotiate with the Taliban to ensure security were killed by the Taliban. Pakistani Taliban and Arabs were also involved in these killings. 112---87 It was obvious that they were North and Hazara. During the following days, about a hundred of those detained were executed on the spot, and about fifty others were shot in the Mohammad Mohsen Khan fortress. There are also reports that in two separate cases, a delegation of Hazara Muslims who tried to negotiate with the Taliban to ensure security were killed by the Taliban. Pakistani Taliban and Arabs were also involved in these killings.
42 - Witnesses say that they saw corpses in four locations inside the market and around the center of Yekavalang district. According to them, the Taliban attacked the offices of international relief organizations in Yakavlang and executed about ten of their employees.

The burning of Yakavalang and the execution of Joza civilians/ Cancer 1380 (June 2001)

43- In the month of Aquarius 1379, the forces of the resistance front, especially the two Shia parties (Hizb Vahdat and Harak) pushed the Taliban back from Yakavalang district and briefly captured Bamyan, and the first shipment of Iranian aid was sent to the Shibarka airfield built by Iran. The resistance forces arrived. Iran's help caused the Taliban to launch a new operation with the participation of the Pakistani Taliban and Arab fighters to capture Bamyan. He was responsible for this operation that led to the occupation of Bamyan and Yekavalang district. Mullah Dadullah, the senior commander of the Taliban, who was killed by the Americans in 1386, had a pledge. After occupying Bamyan and Yakawalang district, the Taliban set fire to around 4000 shops, houses, religious houses, mosques and religious schools during a clearing operation that lasted for two weeks, and dozens of residents of these areas were executed after being arrested.

Northern burnings, extrajudicial executions and other violations against civilians

44- The destruction of the Taliban and their ally Al-Qaeda in the North is considered the most obvious example of the collective punishment strategy of the Taliban. Taliban and al-Qaeda members launched a clearing operation on 5 Asad 1378 (July 27, 1999) throughout the northern plain. In this operation, the Taliban massacred 72 civilians in four cases, set fruit trees, agricultural lands and vineyards on fire. They destroyed people's properties in Stalaf, Farzah, Kalkan, Gul Dara, Qorbagh and a part of Bagram district. They looted people's personal property and forced 150 thousand women and children to migrate. Agricultural lands and vineyards were set on fire. They destroyed people's properties in Stalaf, Farzah, Kalkan, Gul Dara, Qorbagh and a part of Bagram district. They looted people's personal property and forced 150 thousand women and children to migrate.

Attacks on employees of international humanitarian organizations

45 - In Asad 1377 (August 1998), Talabani, a member of Sipah Sahaba Pakistan, attacked the car of United Nations employees in Kabul, as a result of which one employee of this institution was killed and another person was injured. A few months after this incident, seven employees of the mine clearance institute in Badghis province were arrested by the Taliban and burned alive for the crime of collaborating with the forces of the Resistance Front. In the month of Cancer 1378 (July 1999), a team from the International Committee of the Red Cross was beaten by the Taliban at the Haji Gek crossing.

Individual illegal executions

46- Reports indicate that the Taliban illegally executed a number of people due to their anti-Taliban political affiliation. The Taliban entered the United Nations office on 5 Mizan 1375 (September 27, 1996), the same day they took control of Kabul, and arrested the former president Dr. Najibullah and his brother, and then tortured them, and their bodies were kept in court. They were hanged in public. The Taliban executed people accused of adultery and adultery in a brutal and inhumane way, such as stoning and hanging them under the wall.
47 - Amnesty International has published a report of several murders related to former military personnel and intellectuals who were members of Desoli Ghorhang party. According to the Taliban, these murders were carried out by the order of Mullah Omar, the leader of the Taliban, to cleanse the country of Khalkis. The list of these people is below.
  a- Prof. Mohammad Nazir "Habibi", Pashtun from Parwan province. Professor of Nangarhar University and member of Desoli
Ghorhang Party.
  b- Pohanmal Mohammad Hashem "Bushriar", Pashtun from Maidan Wardag province. Professor at Nangarhar University. A. H. d.
  c- Lieutenant General Agha Mohammad, a Pashtun from Ghazni province, free job. A. H. d.
  d- Shir Muhammad Pashtun, a people from Kandahar province, great people and teacher. A. H.D.
  e- General Salh Mel, Pashtun from Helmand province. A. H. d.
  f- Abdul Ghani Khan Baloch from Kandahar Province, United Nations employee. H. d. 7- Qadim Shah, Pashtun from Paktika Province, former secretary of the Central Committee of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. A. H. d. 8- Mohammad Khan, a Pashtun from Paktia province, a senior employee of the government of Babrak Carmel. H. d.

48- According to reports, the Taliban in Pakistan, with the help of the intelligence agency of that country, attempted to assassinate a number of prominent Afghans, including Abdul Ahad Karzai, the former deputy of the Wolesi Jirga and the father of Hamid Karzai, the current president of the country. Abdul Ahed Karzai was killed on 23rd of Cancer 1378 (July 14, 1999) in Quetta city.

Deliberate destruction of means of livelihood

49 - From 1378 (1999) onwards, the Taliban increasingly adopted the policy of collective punishment and mass deportation in non-Pashtun areas that were suspected of supporting opposition forces. In these areas, the Taliban destroyed or set fire to villages, gardens, farms, shops, etc., and expelled the residents from the area. The areas that were bombarded and burned by the Taliban in the north and center of the country from 1375 to 1380 are Sarcheshmeh village in the north of Kabul, Dara Soof in Samangan province, houses on the road between Mian Shabir and Bamyan city, Sarch Qol village, Sar Asiyab and Gorwana in Kalu valley, Bamyan province.
50- The economic blockade of the areas under the administration of the resistance forces was part of the Taliban's strategy against these forces. This siege, which continued from 1375 (1996) to 1380 (2001), significantly worsened the situation of the people. The most well-known Taliban siege in Hazarajat took place during 1375-1377 (1996-1998). The Taliban are prevented from getting food, fuel and medicine to this area. From 1378 (1999) to 1380 (2001), the Taliban imposed a similar siege against the northern administration on the provinces (Takhar, Baghlan, Badakhshan, Samangan and Sarpol). In several separate incidents, the Taliban arrested and executed around 320 people who violated the economic blockade.

Asakir Khurd age and number of recruits

51 - Recruiting underage youth for military purposes is considered a crime against humanity. Children in Afghanistan were assigned to military affairs since 1358 (1979). There is no accurate estimate of the number of old soldiers who were recruited during the various regimes. But the Taliban had recruited thousands of young men from schools, mosques and schools in Afghanistan and Pakistan for armed battles.